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Post-Treatment Controllers: Role in HIV "Cure" Research
Leslie R Cockerham1, Hiroyu Hatano2, Steven G Deeks3
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Ave, Suite 5100, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. lcockerham@mcw.edu.
Current HIV/AIDS Reports
|January 20, 2016
Summary
Individuals controlling viral replication without daily medication after early, short-term HIV therapy ("post-treatment controllers") offer hope for a functional cure. Understanding their immune responses is key to developing future HIV remission strategies.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Post-treatment controllers (PTCs) exhibit spontaneous control of viral replication after limited early antiretroviral therapy (ART).
- These cases are analogous to natural or elite controllers, suggesting potential for long-term HIV remission or functional cure.
- Understanding the mechanisms behind viral control in PTCs is crucial for advancing HIV cure research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge regarding post-treatment controllers.
- To identify gaps in understanding the immunologic factors enabling viral control in PTCs.
- To discuss the relevance of PTCs for developing future HIV curative strategies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on post-treatment controllers.
- Analysis of immunological data from individuals with sustained viral control.
- Discussion of potential immune mechanisms involved in HIV remission.
Main Results:
- PTCs demonstrate a unique ability to manage HIV replication without ongoing ART.
- Immunological factors contributing to this control are not fully elucidated but are under investigation.
- These cases highlight the potential for achieving functional cures in HIV infection.
Conclusions:
- Post-treatment controllers represent a critical area of study for HIV cure research.
- Further investigation into the immune correlates of control in PTCs is warranted.
- Insights from PTCs may inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at achieving sustained HIV remission.
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