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Congenital central nervous system anomalies.
L B Poe1, L L Coleman, F Mahmud
1Department of Radiology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA 17822.
Summary
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the leading in vivo imaging technique for diagnosing congenital central nervous system (CNS) anomalies. This review covers CNS embryology and classifies various CNS abnormalities detectable by MRI.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimaging
- Developmental Biology
- Radiology
Background:
- Congenital central nervous system (CNS) anomalies require accurate in vivo imaging for classification.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers superior multiplanar capabilities and contrast differentiation compared to other modalities.
- Understanding CNS embryology is crucial for interpreting developmental abnormalities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of MRI in diagnosing congenital CNS anomalies.
- To present a classification system for CNS abnormalities.
- To illustrate a spectrum of common congenital CNS anomalies.
Main Methods:
- Discussion of relevant CNS embryology.
- Application of a proposed classification system for CNS anomalies.
- Presentation of MRI examples of various congenital CNS abnormalities.
Main Results:
- MRI is the preferred modality for in vivo imaging of congenital CNS anomalies.
- A spectrum of anomalies including Chiari malformations, encephaloceles, holoprosencephaly, and others can be identified.
- The proposed classification aids in the systematic evaluation of these abnormalities.
Conclusions:
- MRI is essential for the classification and determination of congenital CNS anomalies.
- Familiarity with CNS embryology and a structured classification system enhances diagnostic accuracy.
- This review provides a comprehensive overview of common congenital CNS abnormalities visualized by MRI.