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Related Concept Videos

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Small RNA Transfection in Primary Human Th17 Cells by Next Generation Electroporation
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Targeting Th17 Cells with Small Molecules and Small Interference RNA.

Hui Lin1, Pingfang Song2, Yi Zhao1

  • 1Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.

Mediators of Inflammation
|January 22, 2016
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Summary

New therapeutics targeting RORγt, the master transcription factor for T helper 17 (Th17) cells, show promise for autoimmune diseases. Small molecules and aptamer-delivered RNA offer novel strategies beyond anti-IL-17 antibodies.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • T helper 17 (Th17) cells are key drivers of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases through cytokines like IL-17.
  • Current anti-IL-17 therapies are effective for psoriasis but not rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn's disease, necessitating alternative strategies.
  • Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) is the master transcription factor for Th17 differentiation and a promising therapeutic target.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development and therapeutic potential of novel agents targeting RORγt for Th17-mediated autoimmune diseases.
  • To explore small molecule inhibitors and aptamer-mediated RNA interference targeting RORγt.
  • To highlight new therapeutic avenues beyond single-cytokine blockade.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical screening identified small molecule inhibitors of RORγt.
  • Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) technology developed aptamers.
  • Aptamer-mediated delivery of small interference RNA targeting RORγt gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Small molecule inhibitors targeting RORγt have been identified.
  • Aptamers can be engineered for targeted delivery of RNA interference.
  • These approaches aim to inhibit Th17 cell differentiation and function.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting RORγt represents a promising therapeutic strategy for Th17-mediated autoimmune conditions.
  • Small molecules and aptamer-based RNA interference offer innovative approaches to modulate Th17 cell activity.
  • These novel therapeutics may overcome limitations of existing anti-cytokine therapies.