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Heart Valves

Heart Valves

The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...

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Combining 3D-Printing and Electrospinning to Manufacture Biomimetic Heart Valve Leaflets

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Engineering natural heart valves: possibilities and challenges.

Mehrnaz Namiri^1,2, Mohammad Kazemi Ashtiani¹, Omid Mashinchian¹

¹Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.

Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

|January 23, 2016

Summary

Tissue engineering offers promising solutions for heart valve replacement, utilizing decellularized heart valves (DHVs). Xenogenic DHVs present a viable alternative to human DHVs, addressing donor limitations while requiring novel engineering to overcome immunological challenges.

Keywords:

decellularized matrix heart valve natural scaffold surface modification tissue engineering

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Regenerative Medicine
Cardiovascular Engineering

Background:

Heart valve replacement is a common treatment for cardiac valve diseases.
Current prostheses (mechanical, bioprosthetic) lack regenerative capabilities.
Tissue engineering aims to create functional, living heart valves using biodegradable scaffolds.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the potential of decellularized heart valves (DHVs) for tissue engineering.
To explore xenogenic DHVs as an alternative to human DHVs.
To identify novel engineering strategies to overcome challenges in xenogenic DHV implantation.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on tissue engineering and heart valve replacement.
Analysis of decellularization techniques for native heart valves.
Discussion of strategies to mitigate immunological reactions and improve recellularization of xenogenic DHVs.

Main Results:

Decellularized heart valves (DHVs) retain native extracellular matrix structure and haemodynamic properties.
Human DHVs face donor limitations (time, size).
Xenogenic DHVs offer a potential solution but face immunological and mechanical challenges.

Conclusions:

Xenogenic DHVs hold promise for heart valve replacement, overcoming human donor scarcity.
Novel engineering approaches are crucial to address xenograft rejection, calcification, and poor recellularization.
Tissue-engineered DHVs represent a significant advancement in regenerative cardiovascular therapies.