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Cellular lipid binding proteins: expression, function, and nutritional regulation.

S D Clarke1, M K Armstrong

  • 1Upjohn Company, Unit of Reproduction and Growth Physiology, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|November 1, 1989
PubMed
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Low molecular weight lipid binding proteins transport hydrophobic molecules like fatty acids and retinoids. These proteins are crucial for cellular lipid metabolism and may even regulate gene expression, impacting overall lipid homeostasis.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Hydrophobic ligands, including sterols, fatty acids, and retinoids, require specific proteins for cellular transport and solubilization.
  • Low molecular weight proteins such as plasma membrane transport protein, fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs), sterol carrier protein, and retinoid binding proteins facilitate this process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the physiological roles of cellular lipid binding proteins.
  • To investigate the potential of these proteins in regulating gene expression and their contribution to lipid metabolism homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • The study discusses the regulation of cellular content of these proteins via transcription and translation.
  • Examples include dietary fat increasing mRNA abundance of liver- and gut-type FABPs and insulin stimulating hepatic FABP translation.

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Main Results:

  • Data suggest physiological roles in fatty acid transport, esterification, oxidation, steroidogenesis, and retinoid uptake/metabolism.
  • Cellular lipid binding proteins, like retinoid binding proteins, may deliver ligands to nuclear proteins, modulating genes involved in lipid metabolism and differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular lipid binding proteins are vital for the homeostasis of lipid metabolism.
  • While their precise functions require further establishment, their role in ligand transport and potential gene expression regulation is significant.