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Genitourinary mast cells and survival.

Theoharis C Theoharides1, Julia M Stewart1

  • 11 Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.

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Mast cells (MCs), traditionally linked to allergies, may play a crucial role in reproduction and emotional regulation. Their presence in the diencephalon and genitourinary tract suggests a broader function beyond immunity, potentially influencing survival and procreation.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Mast cells (MCs) are widespread immune cells primarily known for roles in allergy, immunity, and inflammation.
  • The significant presence of MCs in the diencephalon (regulating emotions) and genitourinary tract, areas not typically associated with allergies, presents a biological puzzle.
  • MCs possess receptors for hormones like estrogen and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), hinting at non-allergic functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential role of mast cells beyond allergic responses, particularly in emotional regulation and reproduction.
  • To investigate the phylogenetic significance of mast cell distribution in the diencephalon and genitourinary system.
  • To synthesize existing evidence suggesting mast cells' involvement in survival and procreation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on mast cell distribution, receptor expression, and functional studies.
  • Analysis of animal experimental data showing mast cell proliferation during reproductive behaviors (e.g., courting doves).
  • Consideration of preliminary evidence linking mast cell activation syndromes to libido and the presence of olfactory receptors on mast cells.

Main Results:

  • Mast cells are found in areas regulating emotions and reproduction, suggesting a role beyond allergy.
  • MCs express hormone receptors (estrogen, gonadotropin, CRH) and are implicated in reproductive behaviors.
  • Evidence suggests MCs might be involved in libido and possess olfactory receptors, linking them to "smelling danger" and potentially procreation.

Conclusions:

  • Mast cells may have been evolutionarily conserved for functions related to survival and reproduction, not solely for allergic defense.
  • The distribution and receptor profile of MCs suggest a significant, yet underappreciated, role in neuroendocrine and reproductive processes.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which mast cells influence emotions, libido, and procreation.