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Censoring Survival Data

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Survival analysis is a statistical method used to analyze time-to-event data, often employed in fields such as medicine, engineering, and social sciences. One of the key challenges in survival analysis is dealing with incomplete data, a phenomenon known as "censoring." Censoring occurs when the event of interest (such as death, relapse, or system failure) has not occurred for some individuals by the end of the study period or is otherwise unobservable, and it might have many different...
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Related Experiment Videos

Adaptive explanations for sensitive windows in development.

Tim W Fawcett1, Willem E Frankenhuis2

  • 1Modelling Animal Decisions (MAD) Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.

Frontiers in Zoology
|January 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Organisms have sensitive developmental windows where experiences strongly shape traits. This study proposes an adaptive framework explaining why natural selection favors changes in developmental plasticity over an organism's lifetime.

Keywords:
Adaptive developmental plasticityAutocorrelationBayesian updatingBehavioural consistencyCritical periodCue reliabilityEnvironmental predictabilitySocial behaviourValue of information

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Organisms exhibit sensitive windows during development where environmental experiences significantly influence phenotypes.
  • The adaptive evolutionary reasons for these sensitive windows remain largely unexplained.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a conceptual framework for understanding the evolution of developmental changes in phenotypic plasticity.
  • To explore when natural selection favors shifts in plasticity across an individual's lifespan.

Main Methods:

  • Building upon existing theories of phenotypic plasticity evolution.
  • Integrating environmental uncertainty, cue informativeness, and life history traits.
  • Analyzing how developmental changes in plasticity are influenced by environmental cues.

Main Results:

  • Developmental plasticity can change across an individual's life due to systematic variations in environmental cue frequency, informativeness, fitness benefits, and plasticity constraints.
  • In stable environments, plasticity is expected to decrease with age as individuals accumulate information.

Conclusions:

  • Sensitive windows in development can be understood through an adaptive lens, considering the interaction between environmental information and organismal life history.
  • This framework encourages further research into the evolutionary drivers of developmental plasticity changes.