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Related Concept Videos

Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

1.2K
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
1.2K
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

746
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
746
Language Development01:22

Language Development

831
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
831
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

704
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
704
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

960
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
960
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

435
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
435

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Related Experiment Videos

Cross-Modality Feature Learning Through Generic Hierarchical Hyperlingual-Words.

Ming Shao, Yun Fu

    IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
    |February 2, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a new framework, hierarchical hyperlingual-words (Hwords), to improve cross-modality face recognition despite variations in pose and expression. Hwords capture high-level semantics across different spectral modalities for more robust facial recognition systems.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Area of Science:

    • Computer Vision
    • Biometrics
    • Machine Learning

    Background:

    • Visible light facial recognition faces challenges from illumination and pose variations.
    • Near-infrared (NIR) imaging addresses illumination but introduces cross-modality classification issues.
    • Within-modality variations like pose and expression further complicate cross-modality face recognition.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel framework, hierarchical hyperlingual-words (Hwords), for robust cross-modality face recognition.
    • To design generic Hwords for capturing high-level semantics across modalities and within modalities.
    • To develop a novel distance metric leveraging the hierarchical structure of Hwords to enhance discriminative power.

    Main Methods:

    • Designed generic Hwords to capture cross-modality and within-modality semantics in a weakly supervised manner.
    • Utilized modality pair and variation information for training.
    • Proposed a novel distance metric based on the hierarchical structure of Hwords.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed Hwords framework demonstrated superiority in cross-modality face recognition.
    • The method effectively handled pose and expression variations.
    • Experiments on multimodality face databases confirmed the effectiveness compared to state-of-the-art methods.

    Conclusions:

    • The hierarchical hyperlingual-words (Hwords) framework offers a significant advancement in cross-modality face recognition.
    • The method is robust to variations in illumination, pose, and expression.
    • Hwords provide a promising direction for future research in biometrics and computer vision.