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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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miRNA-mediated crosstalk between transcripts: The missing "linc"?

Jennifer Y Tan1, Ana C Marques1

  • 1Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Bioessays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
|February 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression by interacting with microRNAs (miRNAs). These long noncoding competitive endogenous RNAs (lnceRNAs) offer a new layer of gene regulation in cellular biology.

Keywords:
ceRNAcompetitive endogenous RNAcrosstalklncRNAlong noncoding RNAmicroRNApost-transcriptional regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Transcriptome-wide sequencing reveals widespread intergenic long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) transcription.
  • Specific lncRNAs act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) by sponging microRNAs (miRNAs).
  • This ceRNA mechanism represents a post-transcriptional regulatory layer influencing gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the biological significance of post-transcriptional gene regulation mediated by lncRNAs.
  • To provide an overview of recent advancements in understanding lncRNA-based regulatory networks.
  • To explore molecular factors involved in miRNA-dependent crosstalk between lncRNAs and other RNA transcripts.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on lncRNA function and ceRNA mechanisms.
  • Analysis of transcriptome-wide sequencing data.
  • Bioinformatic approaches to identify lncRNA-mRNA-miRNA interactions.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs, specifically lnceRNAs, are prevalent and play crucial roles in cellular and organismal biology.
  • lnceRNAs regulate mRNA levels through miRNA sponging, impacting gene expression.
  • lncRNA-mediated regulation adds a novel layer to the post-transcriptional gene regulatory network.

Conclusions:

  • lnceRNAs are significant regulators of gene expression through miRNA-dependent mechanisms.
  • Understanding lnceRNA networks is crucial for deciphering complex gene regulation.
  • Further research into molecular factors will elucidate the intricacies of lncRNA-mRNA-miRNA crosstalk.