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Related Concept Videos

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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From Left Ventricular Hypertrophy to Dysfunction and Failure.

Davide Lazzeroni1, Ornella Rimoldi, Paolo G Camici

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) involves cardiomyocyte growth. Pathological LVH can lead to heart failure, with fibrosis and coronary microvascular dysfunction playing key roles.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is defined as increased left ventricular mass due to cardiomyocyte enlargement.
  • LVH can be physiological (e.g., athletes) or pathological (genetic or due to overload).
  • Pathological LVH may progress to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure (HF).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of fibrosis and coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in pathological LVH progression.
  • To highlight the contribution of CMD and ischemia to fibrosis and heart failure development.
  • To emphasize the utility of noninvasive imaging in assessing fibrosis and CMD for patient stratification.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on LVH, fibrosis, CMD, and heart failure.
  • Analysis of pathogenetic mechanisms linking LVH to cardiac decompensation.
  • Discussion of noninvasive imaging techniques for myocardial fibrosis and CMD detection.

Main Results:

  • Interstitial and replacement fibrosis are crucial in the decompensation of hypertrophied left ventricles.
  • Coronary microvascular dysfunction and myocardial ischemia are implicated in fibrosis formation and progression to heart failure.
  • Noninvasive imaging provides valuable data for stratifying patients with LVH.

Conclusions:

  • Fibrosis and CMD are key contributors to the progression of pathological LVH towards heart failure.
  • Noninvasive imaging of fibrosis and CMD aids in risk stratification for patients with LVH.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for managing patients with pathological left ventricular hypertrophy.