Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Feedback Inhibition00:46

Feedback Inhibition

58.5K
Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!
58.5K
Motivational Bias01:25

Motivational Bias

471
Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
471
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

4.5K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
4.5K
Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

8.6K
The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
8.6K
Self-Regulation01:25

Self-Regulation

312
Self-regulation, also known as self-control, encompasses a range of cognitive and behavioral processes that allow individuals to adjust their internal states and outward actions to align with socially acceptable norms and long-term goals. It plays a fundamental role in adaptive functioning, from resisting impulsive behaviors to persisting through challenging tasks. While its benefits are widely recognized, self-regulation is not limitless. Muraven and Baumeister's theory posits that...
312
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

14.0K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
14.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neophobia and motivation in birds: A gene expression study informed by reinforcement sensitivity theory.

Behavioural brain research·2026
Same author

Navigating the unknown: how exploratory traits shape juvenile post-fledging behaviour and survival in gulls.

Proceedings. Biological sciences·2026
Same author

Unpacking response Inhibition in animals - part 2: an empirical test.

Animal cognition·2026
Same author

Habitat selection of three gull species in response to sudden changes in human mobility.

Proceedings. Biological sciences·2026
Same author

Unpacking response inhibition in animals - part 1: a conceptual framework.

Animal cognition·2026
Same author

A large-scale study across the avian clade identifies ecological drivers of neophobia.

PLoS biology·2025
Same journal

Sublexical semantic decoding during incidental novel word learning in natural Chinese reading.

Cognitive psychology·2026
Same journal

Seeing, hearing, and feeling causation.

Cognitive psychology·2026
Same journal

Separating decision and motor contributions to behavioral biases induced by manipulating stimulus probability.

Cognitive psychology·2026
Same journal

Congruency drives "conflict adaptation" independent of conflict: Converging evidence from behavior and computational modeling.

Cognitive psychology·2026
Same journal

Corrigendum to "Network analyses identify critical factors for facilitating future-oriented decision-making" [Cogn. Psychol. 165 (2026) 101815].

Cognitive psychology·2026
Same journal

The time course of local coherence effects in German: Evidence from self-paced reading times and event-related potentials.

Cognitive psychology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm
12:12

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Published on: May 14, 2014

11.1K

Proactive inhibitory control: A general biasing account.

Heike Elchlepp1, Aureliu Lavric1, Christopher D Chambers2

  • 1Psychology, College for Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK.

Cognitive Psychology
|February 10, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Flexible behavior relies on proactive inhibitory control, which adjusts attentional and response settings before a stop signal. This anticipatory control biases lower-level systems for action, demonstrating overlap with other proactive control forms.

Keywords:
Biased competitionDual-task performanceEEGProactive controlResponse inhibition

More Related Videos

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

12.4K
Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention
09:48

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

Published on: September 11, 2017

10.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm
12:12

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Published on: May 14, 2014

11.1K
Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

12.4K
Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention
09:48

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

Published on: September 11, 2017

10.4K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Flexible behavior necessitates inhibiting actions based on environmental cues.
  • Previous research indicates proactive adjustments to response parameters in anticipation of stop signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if proactive inhibitory control involves adjusting attentional and response settings.
  • To explore the relationship between proactive inhibitory control and other proactive/anticipatory control forms.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted using a stimulus-response task with varying contexts (ignore, stop, double-response).
  • Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were analyzed for no-signal trials in the stop context.

Main Results:

  • Proactive inhibitory control operates by biasing lower-level systems involved in stimulus detection, action selection, and execution.
  • Similar adjustments were observed in double-response and stop-signal contexts, suggesting overlap in proactive action control.
  • Proactive inhibitory control shares mechanisms with preparatory control in task-switching, involving task-set reconfiguration.

Conclusions:

  • Top-down control in response inhibition largely occurs pre-signal.
  • Proactive inhibitory control involves anticipatory adjustments to attentional and response parameters.
  • There is significant overlap between different forms of proactive action control.