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Related Concept Videos

Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
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Phosphodiester Linkages01:01

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Overview
Phosphodiester bond forms when a phosphoric acid molecule (H3PO4) links with two hydroxyl groups (–OH) of two other molecules, forming two ester bonds. Two water molecules are released in this process. The phosphodiester bond is commonly found in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and plays a critical role in their structure and function.
Phosphodiester Bonds Link Nucleotides Together
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Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

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Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
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IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
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Phosphorylation01:02

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The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry

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Phosphate, inositol and polyphosphates.

Thomas M Livermore1, Cristina Azevedo1, Bernadett Kolozsvari1

  • 1Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.

Biochemical Society Transactions
|February 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eukaryotic cells use myo-inositol phosphates for signaling and phosphate regulation. Inositol pyrophosphates (PP-IPs) are key regulators of inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) metabolism, revealing ancient biological links.

Keywords:
calciumevolutioninositolmetabolismphosphate

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Preparation of Quality Inositol Pyrophosphates
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Preparation of Quality Inositol Pyrophosphates
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Eukaryotic cells extensively use myo-inositol derivatives for diverse signaling roles.
  • Phosphorylated inositol molecules exhibit unique structural variability, enabling complex biological functions.
  • Inositol phosphates form phosphoester, phosphodiester, and phosphoanhydride bonds, creating signaling molecules and phosphoinositides.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the intricate relationships between phosphate, inositol phosphates, and inorganic polyphosphate (polyP).
  • To investigate the role of inositol pyrophosphates (PP-IPs) in regulating cellular phosphate homeostasis and polyP metabolism.
  • To speculate on the evolutionary origins of these biochemical connections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of existing research on inositol phosphate and polyP metabolism.
  • Comparative analysis of molecular structures and bonding properties of inositol phosphates.
  • Exploration of regulatory mechanisms linking inositol phosphates to phosphate homeostasis.

Main Results:

  • Inositol phosphates, including inositol pyrophosphates (PP-IPs), are central to cellular signaling and phosphate regulation.
  • PP-IPs play a critical role in controlling the metabolism of inorganic polyphosphate (polyP).
  • The diverse bonding capabilities of inositol phosphates (phosphoester, phosphodiester, phosphoanhydride) underpin their functional versatility.

Conclusions:

  • The myo-inositol backbone is a versatile scaffold for generating critical signaling molecules and regulating cellular processes.
  • Inositol pyrophosphates (PP-IPs) are ancient regulators of phosphate metabolism, particularly inorganic polyphosphate (polyP).
  • Understanding the interplay between inositol phosphates and polyP offers insights into fundamental cellular regulation and evolution.