AN INCREASE IN RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA: A COMPARISON OF TWO CROSS-SECTIONAL...

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Epidemiology
• Cardiovascular Disease Research

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a significant global health challenge.
• Understanding trends in CVD risk factors is crucial for developing targeted public health strategies.
• Urban populations often exhibit distinct patterns of health behaviors and disease risk.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors over a five-year period in urban Indonesia.
• To compare CVD risk factor prevalence between 2004 and 2009 in Yogyakarta City.
• To calculate the predicted risk of experiencing a CVD event in the studied population.

Main Methods:

• Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia in 2004 (n=3,205) and 2009 (n=2,467).
• Data collected included smoking habits, fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity levels, blood pressure, weight, and height.
• Statistical comparisons were made between the two survey periods to identify changes in risk factors and calculate CVD event risk.

Main Results:

• Behavioral risk factors for CVD were found to be more prevalent among men.
• The predicted risk of a cardiovascular disease (CVD) event increased from 8.4% in 2004 to 11.3% in 2009 among men.
• Significant changes in lifestyle behaviors contributing to CVD risk were observed over the five-year study period.

Conclusions:

• There has been a concerning increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among men in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
• Effective public health interventions are necessary to modify behaviors contributing to CVD risk in this demographic.
• Continued monitoring of CVD risk factors in urban Indonesian populations is essential for disease prevention efforts.