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Lessons from Domestication: Targeting Cis-Regulatory Elements for Crop Improvement.

Gwen Swinnen1, Alain Goossens1, Laurens Pauwels1

  • 1Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium.

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Summary

Domestication

Keywords:
CRISPRmicroRNAnew breeding techniquesnon-codingpleiotropytranscription factor

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics and genomics
  • Molecular biology
  • Agricultural science

Background:

  • Crop domestication relies on genetic changes, often in cis-regulatory elements (CREs).
  • CREs control gene expression, influencing traits without altering protein sequences.
  • Understanding these genetic shifts is key to improving crop varieties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) in plant domestication.
  • To propose CREs as targets for genome editing in plant breeding.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of genetic variations in domesticated plants.
  • Review of studies on cis-regulatory element function.
  • Comparative genomics to identify domestication-related changes.

Main Results:

  • Domestication frequently involves alterations in CREs, not just coding genes.
  • CRE variations impact gene expression timing and tissue specificity.
  • CRE modifications offer advantages over coding mutations due to reduced pleiotropic effects.

Conclusions:

  • Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) are crucial targets for understanding plant domestication.
  • Genome editing of CREs presents a promising strategy for developing novel crop alleles and enhancing plant breeding.