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The modulation of disjunctive assertions.

Ana Cristina Quelhas1, P N Johnson-Laird2,3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The theory of mental models explains how people understand "A or B" statements. Research shows that context influences interpretation, affecting reasoning and conclusions drawn from these logical structures.

Keywords:
Deductive reasoningDisjunctionsLogicMental modelsModulation

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Logic and Reasoning

Background:

  • The theory of mental models proposes that disjunctions ('A or B') have a core inclusive meaning covering three possibilities: A only, B only, or both A and B.
  • Contextual meaning and background knowledge can restrict these possibilities, blocking certain interpretations (e.g., preventing 'both A and B').

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the core inclusive interpretation of disjunctions and context-modulated interpretations.
  • To test predictions derived from the theory of mental models regarding how content influences disjunction interpretation.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Participants listed possible scenarios for different types of disjunctions.
  • Experiment 2: Assessed how predicted interpretations influenced acceptance of conclusions from disjunctions and categorical premises.
  • Experiment 3: Examined the effect of predicted interpretations on self-generated conclusions.

Main Results:

  • Results confirmed that the content of disjunction clauses modulates interpretation as predicted by the theory.
  • Experiment 1 showed participants listed possibilities consistent with modulated interpretations.
  • Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrated that these modulated interpretations reliably affected reasoning and conclusion drawing.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the theory of mental models, highlighting the role of content in modulating logical interpretation.
  • Demonstrates that human reasoning with disjunctions is flexible and influenced by semantic and contextual factors.
  • Provides empirical evidence for the computational implementation of the theory of mental models.