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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
593
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cell Subsets within the Murine Spleen, Bone Marrow, Lymph Nodes and Synovial Tissue in an Osteoarthritis Model
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[PATHOGENESIS OF UNDIFFERENTIATED SPONDYLOARTHRITIS].

Lovro Lamot, Mandica Vidović, Marija Perica

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    Spondyloarthritis (SpA) involves immune system dysfunction, genetic predisposition, and environmental triggers, leading to inflammation and bone damage. Understanding these complex interactions is key to managing SpA progression and its varied clinical presentations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Rheumatology and Immunology
    • Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Diseases

    Context:

    • Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a complex, multifactorial inflammatory disease.
    • It arises from a interplay between genetic susceptibility, immune system dysregulation, and environmental factors.
    • SpA affects multiple sites, including entheses, synovium, and the gut.

    Purpose:

    • To elucidate the multifaceted nature of spondyloarthritis (SpA).
    • To highlight the roles of innate and adaptive immunity in SpA pathogenesis.
    • To underscore the significance of bone remodeling, osteoproliferation, and ankylosis in SpA.

    Summary:

    • SpA pathogenesis involves disturbed pathogen recognition, immune cell migration, and immune response regulation.
    • Inflammation and tissue damage are hallmarks of SpA, affecting bone remodeling and leading to structural damage.
    • Disease course varies, from short-term reactive arthritis to chronic ankylosing spondylitis, with current challenges in predicting progression.

    Impact:

    • Provides a comprehensive overview of SpA pathophysiology for researchers and clinicians.
    • Identifies key areas of immune and bone dysregulation in SpA.
    • Emphasizes the need for improved markers to predict disease progression and guide treatment strategies.