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Solvent-dependent on/off valving using selectively permeable barriers in paper microfluidics.

G Ij Salentijn1, N N Hamidon, E Verpoorte

  • 1Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, P.O. Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands. E.M.J.Verpoorte@rug.nl.

Lab on a Chip
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Summary

Researchers developed a novel method to control fluid flow in paper microfluidic devices using patterned alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) to create selective solvent barriers. This innovation enables precise control over solvent interactions for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Paper microfluidic devices offer low-cost platforms for diagnostics and chemical reactions.
  • Controlling fluid flow and solvent interactions within these devices remains a significant challenge.
  • Existing methods often lack precise control over solvent selectivity and barrier properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a new method for creating solvent-selective barriers in paper microfluidic devices.
  • To enable precise control over solvent flow based on differential hydrophobicity.
  • To demonstrate the utility of these patterned barriers in chemical reactions and sampling.

Main Methods:

  • A two-step patterning process involving alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) treatment and oxygen plasma exposure.
  • Utilizing 3D-printed masks to define hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions on paper.
  • Creating differential hydrophobicity zones: hydrophilic, low-load AKD gates, and high-load AKD walls.

Main Results:

  • Reproducible hydrophobic/hydrophilic patterns were achieved with linear dependence on mask dimensions.
  • Developed solvent-dependent "gates" permeable to alcohol/water mixtures but not water, and impermeable "walls".
  • Demonstrated applications in multi-step chemical reactions and volume-defined sampling with signal linearity to chamber size.

Conclusions:

  • The developed two-step AKD patterning method provides effective control over solvent flow in paper microfluidics.
  • This technique allows for the creation of tunable, solvent-selective barriers for complex fluidic operations.
  • The demonstrated applications highlight the potential for advanced chemical processing and analysis using these paper-based devices.