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A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
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Involvement of Bacteria Other Than Clostridium difficile in Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhoea

Sarah Larcombe1, Melanie L Hutton1, Dena Lyras1

  • 1Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia 3800.

Trends in Microbiology
|February 22, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD) is a common side effect of antibiotics. This review explores bacterial causes beyond Clostridium difficile, focusing on other pathogens and their virulence factors in AAD development.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD) is a frequent adverse effect of antimicrobial therapy.
  • While Clostridium difficile causes approximately 25% of AAD cases, the etiology of most remains unknown.
  • Other bacteria like Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella oxytoca are implicated in AAD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-examine antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD).
  • To present current perspectives on AAD, focusing on non-C. difficile bacterial causes.
  • To explore the virulence factors involved in the pathogenesis of AAD.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of existing literature on antibiotic-associated diarrhoea.
  • The review focuses on bacterial pathogens other than Clostridium difficile.
  • Virulence factors contributing to AAD pathogenesis are examined.

Main Results:

  • Clostridium difficile is a common cause of AAD, but not the sole infectious agent.
  • Numerous other bacterial species contribute to AAD pathogenesis.
  • Host factors, specific microbial agents, and antibiotic regimens influence AAD development.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding non-C. difficile bacterial causes of AAD is crucial for effective management.
  • Further research into the virulence factors of these alternative pathogens is warranted.
  • AAD is a multifactorial condition requiring consideration of host, pathogen, and treatment variables.
Keywords:
antibiotic resistanceantibiotic-associated diarrhoeaantibioticsbacteria

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