Premature ovarian insufficiency: Pathogenesis and management

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Endocrinology
• Gynecology

Background:

• Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a continuum of declining ovarian function leading to early menopause.
• Unlike menarche, the average age of menopause has not significantly changed, remaining 50-52 years in developed nations.
• The incidence of POI is not well-established, but estimated at 1% in women under 40 and 0.1% under 30.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize current literature on premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).
• To provide an approach to the best practice management of POI.
• To highlight ongoing research in pathogenesis and treatment development for POI.

Main Methods:

• This study is a narrative review of existing literature.
• It synthesizes current knowledge on POI.
• Focuses on management strategies and treatment advancements.

Main Results:

• POI is characterized by variable ovarian function decline, distinct from a single event of 'premature ovarian failure'.
• Research is advancing understanding of POI pathogenesis.
• New treatments are emerging to preserve ovarian function, especially during cancer therapy, and enhance fertility options.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of POI requires a comprehensive approach.
• Continued research is crucial for understanding POI and developing better treatments.
• Focus on fertility preservation and improved ovarian function is key for affected women.