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Systemic arterial stiffness in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: potential cause of systemic hypertension

A Sehgal1,2, A Malikiwi1, E Paul3,4

  • 1Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
|February 26, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Systemic hypertension in preterm infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is linked to altered aortic structure and function. These findings suggest a potential explanation for hypertension in this vulnerable infant population.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Cardiology
  • Pediatric Hypertension
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Systemic hypertension is a frequent complication in preterm infants suffering from severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
  • The underlying mechanisms contributing to hypertension in this population remain largely unknown.
  • Understanding arterial changes in BPD is crucial for managing cardiovascular risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate systemic arterial structure and vasomotor function in preterm infants with severe BPD.
  • To compare these parameters with preterm infants without BPD and healthy term infants.
  • To generate hypotheses regarding the causes of hypertension in BPD.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study involving ultrasonographic measurements of aortic wall thickness and vasomotor function.
  • Cohorts included 20 infants with severe BPD, 7 preterm infants without BPD, and 20 healthy term infants.
  • Analysis included adjustments for gestational age and birth weight.

Main Results:

  • Infants with severe BPD exhibited significantly increased aortic wall thickness compared to both control groups.
  • Elevated input impedance and stiffness index were observed in infants with BPD.
  • Systemic vascular resistance was also significantly higher in the BPD group, with vasomotor function measures correlating with blood pressure.

Conclusions:

  • Preterm infants with severe BPD demonstrate significant alterations in aortic wall thickness and vasomotor function.
  • These vascular changes provide a potential explanation for the increased incidence of systemic hypertension in this population.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm these findings and explore therapeutic interventions.
Abstract

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