Carrageenans effect on neutrophils alone and in combination with LPS in vitro

Influence of sulfated red algal polysaccharides (κ-, λ-, and κ/β-carrageenans) and degraded derivative of κ/β-carrageenan on neutrophils/monocytes activation alone and in combination with lipopolysaccharide was investigated by means of determination of reactive oxygen species production, latex microparticles engulfment, total and extracellular myeloperoxidase induction and the analysis of silhouette and contour two-dimensional images of flattened cells. Carrageenans alone can activate neutrophils with much less potency than lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the sulfation degree of carrageenans stipulates high activity in this role. On the other hand, carrageenans especially with low contents of sulfate groups are able to interfere with LPS in vitro resulting in reducing inter- and intracellular activation of neutrophils killing mechanisms. Further research is necessary to relate these findings to actions on the whole animal or human in vivo. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1603-1609, 2016.