[Comparative analysis five kinds of serological detection methods about Brucella].

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Infectious Diseases
• Immunology

Background:

• Brucellosis remains a significant zoonotic disease, particularly in livestock-dependent regions.
• Accurate and efficient diagnostic tools are crucial for controlling brucellosis outbreaks.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the diagnostic performance of five serological methods for brucellosis.
• To compare the sensitivity and specificity of Plate Agglutination Test (PAT), Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), Standard Tube Agglutination Test (SAT), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and Immune Colloidal Gold method (GICA).

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study was conducted in Inner Mongolia, China, involving 236 suspected brucellosis cases.
• Blood samples were tested using PAT, RBPT, SAT, ELISA, and GICA, with SAT serving as the gold standard.
• Sensitivity, specificity, and total coincidence rates were calculated for each method.

Main Results:

• ELISA and GICA showed higher specificity (86.0% and 81.0%, respectively) and overall agreement (91.1% and 88.5%, respectively) compared to PAT and RBPT when using SAT as the gold standard.
• While all tested methods detected Brucella antibodies, ELISA and GICA exhibited superior diagnostic accuracy.
• The detection rates varied among the methods, but no statistically significant difference was found in overall positive cases (P=0.264).

Conclusions:

• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Immune Colloidal Gold method (GICA) are more specific and sensitive for diagnosing brucellosis.
• Both ELISA and GICA are rapid diagnostic techniques.
• GICA is suitable for on-site testing, while ELISA is more appropriate for large-scale sample testing.