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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration in Patients with a Previous History of Biliary Tract Surgery
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Laparoscopic cholecystectomy under spinal anaesthesia: a prospective study.

A Kumar

    Nepal Medical College Journal : NMCJ
    |March 3, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Laparoscopic cholecystectomy under spinal anesthesia (SA) is a safe and effective alternative to general anesthesia. This approach offers cost benefits and minimal postoperative pain, making it suitable for various patients, including those with respiratory issues.

    Area of Science:

    • Surgical Anesthesiology
    • Minimally Invasive Surgery

    Background:

    • General anesthesia is the standard for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
    • Exploring alternative anesthesia methods like spinal anesthesia (SA) can improve cost-effectiveness and patient outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed under spinal anesthesia.
    • To compare SA with general anesthesia for this procedure.

    Main Methods:

    • A prospective study over 14 months at a teaching hospital.
    • Standardized four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy under SA.
    • Primary outcomes: anesthesia, pneumoperitoneum, and surgery times. Secondary outcomes: intraoperative events and postoperative pain scores.

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    Main Results:

    • Laparoscopic cholecystectomy under SA was feasible and safe, with no major complications or conversions to general anesthesia.
    • Three cases required conversion to open surgery.
    • Commonest side effects were right shoulder pain (40%) and initial anxiety. Postoperative pain was minimal, with high patient satisfaction.

    Conclusions:

    • Spinal anesthesia is a safe and effective option for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, even in patients with respiratory problems.
    • It is a cost-effective technique with minimal postoperative pain and smooth recovery.
    • SA can be recommended as an anesthesia of choice in cost-sensitive settings, with appropriate backup.