A two-layer closure of sino-orbital fistula

A two-layer closure of sino-orbital fistulae using tension-free local flaps is described. For small fistulae, the opening is first closed with a mucosal turnover flap; this is combined on the orbital surface with a local rotational advancement flap of the orbital skin. For larger fistulae where a mucosal turnover flap cannot be fashioned, a two-stage, delayed, composite mucocutaneous rotational flap is used. The advantages of these techniques are: (1) a mucous membrane to provide nasal or sinus lining, insulating the raw ventral surface of the skin flap; (2) each flap has an independent blood supply; (3) local flaps are used, avoiding the use of a pedicle flap from forehead; (4) excellent cosmesis since tissues outside the orbital rim are not disturbed; and (5) does not require refitting of exenteration prosthesis since the integrity of the orbital rim is maintained. The authors have used these techniques in six patients with chronic sino-orbital fistulae of the exenterated socket. In one patient, a wound dehiscence occurred and a small fistula measuring 3 to 4 mm in diameter persisted. The fistulae of the remaining five patients were successfully closed.