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The Erlangen micro-lightguide spectrophotometer EMPHO I.

K H Frank1, M Kessler, K Appelbaum

  • 1Institut für Physiologie und Kardiologie, Erlangen, Federal Republic of Germany.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|December 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

The Erlangen micro-lightguide spectrophotometer (EMPHO 1) enables rapid diffuse reflection spectrophotometry in small, moving tissues. This compact instrument accurately measures tissue oxygenation and hemoglobin concentration in vivo.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Optical Physics
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Conventional spectrophotometry faces challenges with moving tissues due to focusing issues.
  • There is a need for instruments capable of rapid spectral analysis in small, dynamic biological volumes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a compact, modular spectrophotometer for fast diffuse reflection (remission) measurements in small tissue volumes.
  • To enable in situ analysis of moving organs like the beating heart.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a motor-driven filter disk for monochromatic light selection (400-1200 nm).
  • Employed flexible micro-lightguides to transmit light, minimizing focusing problems in moving tissues.
  • Integrated an analog-to-digital converter and EPROM-based decoder for precise wavelength-angular position mapping.

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  • Achieved a sampling rate of 100 spectra per second with 2 nm spectral resolution.

    • Main Results:

    • The EMPHO 1 successfully measured remission spectra in various organs (heart, brain, liver, etc.) and human skin.
    • Demonstrated high wavelength reproducibility and a high sampling rate.
    • Enabled on-line computer evaluation for determining absolute oxygenation and relative hemoglobin concentration.

    Conclusions:

    • The EMPHO 1 is a versatile tool for in vivo tissue spectrophotometry, particularly in dynamic biological systems.
    • Its high sampling rate and small measurement volume allow for detailed analysis of microcirculation.
    • Facilitates real-time physiological monitoring and diagnostics in various clinical and research settings.