Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 24, 2026
07:25
Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice
Published on: September 25, 2019
7.5K
[IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF OCCULT INFECTION CAUSED BY HEPATITIS B VIRUS]
Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii I Immunobiologii
|March 9, 2016
Summary
Occult hepatitis B (OHB) involves hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA without detectable HBsAg, posing transmission and disease risks. Viral mutations are key factors in its molecular mechanisms and prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Virology
- Immunology
Context:
- Occult hepatitis B (OHB) is defined by the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in blood or liver, despite undetectable HBsAg.
- OHB poses significant public health concerns due to its transmissibility via blood transfusions and potential to trigger severe liver conditions.
Purpose:
- To explore the complex immunopathogenesis of OHB.
- To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying HBV persistence in HBsAg-negative individuals.
- To examine prophylactic strategies, including advanced vaccination approaches.
Summary:
- OHB is characterized by HBV DNA presence without HBsAg, linked to risks of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
- Proposed immunopathogenesis theories include low viral DNA levels, altered immunity, genetic variations, viral DNA integration, and co-infections.
- Viral mutations are considered a significant factor in the molecular mechanisms of OHB.
Impact:
- Understanding OHB is crucial for preventing transmission through blood products.
- Identifying OHB mechanisms can lead to better management of liver disease in immunocompromised patients.
- Development of polyvalent vaccines targeting wild and mutant HBV strains offers a promising prevention strategy.
More Related Videos
11:14Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection
Published on: November 7, 2018
19.0K
11:34A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target
Published on: May 10, 2022
2.8K
Related Concept Videos
01:25Hepatitis
34
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
34
01:29Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
2.5K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
2.5K
01:27Cytomegalovirus Disease
11
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
11
01:36Humoral Immune Responses
85.9K
Overview
85.9K
01:24B Cell Activation and Differentiation
17.9K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
17.9K
01:31Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
3.4K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
3.4K