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Urinary Bladder

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...

The Micturition Reflex

The Micturition Reflex

Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

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Published on: August 28, 2020

Sacral Neuromodulation for Bladder Atony - A Case Report.

Joseph Sujka¹, Tyler Zeoli², Joseph M Ciccone³

¹St. George's University School of Medicine, Grenada.

Urology Case Reports

|March 9, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sacral neuromodulation effectively treats bladder atony, a rare condition. A young woman with urinary retention regained bladder function after sacral neuromodulation implant, avoiding catheterization.

Keywords:

Bladder atony Fowler's syndrome Sacral neuromodulation Urinary retention

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Area of Science:

Urology
Neuromodulation
Pelvic floor dysfunction

Background:

Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is primarily indicated for urge incontinence, urgency, and frequency, particularly in patients refractory to conservative treatments.
Its application in treating bladder atony, characterized by urinary retention, is less common.
This case explores SNM as a therapeutic option for bladder atony.

Observation:

A 24-year-old woman presented with a history of persistent urinary retention and bladder atony.
She had previously failed conservative medical management for her condition.
An InterStim sacral neuromodulator device was implanted to address her bladder dysfunction.

Findings:

Following sacral neuromodulation implantation, the patient successfully discontinued intermittent catheterization.
Post-void residual urine volume significantly decreased from 848 mL to 72 mL.
This indicates a substantial improvement in bladder emptying and function.

Implications:

Sacral neuromodulation may be a viable treatment option for carefully selected patients with bladder atony.
This approach can potentially improve quality of life by reducing the need for catheterization.
Further research into SNM for bladder atony could expand its therapeutic indications.