Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

5.5K
The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and...
5.5K
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

4.3K
Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
4.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Linear Viscoelasticity of Human Ocular Tissues During Tensile Stress Relaxation.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026
Same author

Challenge to the concept of surgical dose-response for moderate to large angle exotropia.

Japanese journal of ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Surgical Outcomes in Partially Accommodative Esotropia Using Augmented Distance-Angle Averaging With and Without Hyperopic Correction.

American journal of ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Spherical Equivalent Refraction Versus Axial Length for Monitoring Childhood Myopia and Estimating Disease Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

American journal of ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Olfactory sensory map is perturbed in a human wild-type α-synuclein overexpressing transgenic mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

NPJ Parkinson's disease·2026
Same author

Strabismus Increases Glaucoma Risk in California Medicare Beneficiaries.

American journal of ophthalmology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Ocular Kinematics Measured by In Vitro Stimulation of the Cranial Nerves in the Turtle
10:49

Ocular Kinematics Measured by In Vitro Stimulation of the Cranial Nerves in the Turtle

Published on: June 2, 2018

8.9K

Changes in Extraocular Muscle Volume During Ocular Duction.

Robert A Clark1, Joseph L Demer2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen Medical School, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States 2Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen Medical School, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|March 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Extraocular muscle (EOM) volume increases during contraction, challenging the assumption of conservation. This study used MRI to show that EOM volume is not constant but changes with eye movements.

More Related Videos

Quantification of Oculomotor Responses and Accommodation Through Instrumentation and Analysis Toolboxes
08:27

Quantification of Oculomotor Responses and Accommodation Through Instrumentation and Analysis Toolboxes

Published on: March 3, 2023

1.5K
Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform
10:12

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: May 23, 2013

16.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Ocular Kinematics Measured by In Vitro Stimulation of the Cranial Nerves in the Turtle
10:49

Ocular Kinematics Measured by In Vitro Stimulation of the Cranial Nerves in the Turtle

Published on: June 2, 2018

8.9K
Quantification of Oculomotor Responses and Accommodation Through Instrumentation and Analysis Toolboxes
08:27

Quantification of Oculomotor Responses and Accommodation Through Instrumentation and Analysis Toolboxes

Published on: March 3, 2023

1.5K
Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform
10:12

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: May 23, 2013

16.7K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomechanics
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • The assumption of conserved extraocular muscle (EOM) volume during contraction and relaxation has been widely accepted but previously untested.
  • Understanding EOM volume dynamics is crucial for comprehending eye movement mechanics and potential pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether total extraocular muscle (EOM) volume changes during contraction and relaxation using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution, quasi-coronal MRI scans were acquired in 30 orbits of 15 normal subjects at 312-μm resolution.
  • Extraocular muscles (EOMs) were manually outlined to calculate volumes, with 3D reconstruction estimating terminal segment volumes.
  • Duction was quantified by changes in globe-optic nerve positions.

Main Results:

  • A significant increase in total volume was observed for each rectus EOM during contraction compared to relaxation.
  • Superior rectus (SR) and medial rectus (MR) showed the largest volume increases (18% and 11%, respectively).
  • Overall rectus EOM volume increased by 3.7% in supraduction and 2.3% in adduction.

Conclusions:

  • Total extraocular muscle (EOM) volume is not conserved; it increases with contraction and decreases with relaxation.
  • Increased contractile volume may result from decreased muscle density due to actin-myosin lattice spacing.
  • These volume changes are distinct from potential hemodynamic effects.