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The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
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Single Case Designs in Psychology Practice.

Kathy Sexton-Radek1

  • 1Elmhurst College, Elmhurst, IL; Suburban Pulmonary and Sleep Associates , Westmont, IL, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single case designs are valuable research tools. This overview details their key elements and four distinct types, emphasizing their importance in scientific inquiry.

Keywords:
AB designAB1B2 designABA designchanging criterion designsingle subject designtime series design

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Psychology
  • Education

Background:

  • Single case designs (SCDs) are crucial for evaluating interventions in various scientific fields.
  • Understanding the core components of SCDs is essential for rigorous research.
  • The application of SCDs allows for detailed examination of individual responses to treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a concise overview of single case designs.
  • To identify and describe four primary types of single case designs.
  • To underscore the central elements and inherent value of employing SCDs in research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on single case designs.
  • Identification and categorization of key elements common to all SCDs.
  • Classification of four distinct types of single case designs based on structural and analytical characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Key elements of single case designs include repeated measurement, baseline assessment, and intervention phases.
  • Four main types of single case designs identified: A-B, A-B-A, multiple baseline, and alternating treatment designs.
  • The value of SCDs lies in their ability to demonstrate experimental control and functional relationships at the individual level.

Conclusions:

  • Single case designs offer a robust methodology for studying individual behavior change.
  • Familiarity with the different types of SCDs enhances researchers' ability to select appropriate designs.
  • The strategic use of single case designs is vital for advancing evidence-based practices across disciplines.