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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
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Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
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Thyroid research: stepping forward.

Bijay Vaidya1, Andrzej Lewinski2

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.

Thyroid Research
|March 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid Research, a journal for thyroidology, has progressed significantly over eight years. It is now poised to enter a new phase of its publication journey.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Thyroidology
  • Academic Publishing

Background:

  • Thyroid Research journal was established eight years ago.
  • The journal aimed to support scientists and clinicians in the advancing field of thyroidology.
  • It aspired to become a leading publication in thyroid research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the journal's progress over its first eight years.
  • To highlight its growth in the competitive open-access publishing landscape.
  • To announce the commencement of a new chapter in its publication history.

Main Methods:

  • The journal has navigated the competitive open-access academic publishing environment.
  • It has consistently pursued its goal of high-quality publications.
  • Progress has been steady over the eight years since its inception.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid Research has not only survived but also made steady progress.
  • The journal has moved towards its goal of prominence in thyroidology.
  • It has successfully published research in the field of thyroidology for eight years.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid Research has demonstrated resilience and growth in academic publishing.
  • The journal has established a solid foundation in the field of thyroidology.
  • It is now prepared to embark on a new phase of its publication endeavors.