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Minimal noise subsystems.

Xiaoting Wang1,2,3, Mark Byrd4, Kurt Jacobs3,5

  • 1Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.

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When noise symmetry is broken, a decoherence-free subspace (DFS) may lose its protection. We developed a numerical method to find robust subsystems, revealing that the original DFS is often not the most protected under perturbed noise.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum information science
  • Quantum computing
  • Noise and decoherence in quantum systems

Background:

  • Decoherence-free subspaces (DFS) protect quantum systems from noise but require exact noise symmetry.
  • Perturbations can break noise symmetry, compromising the protection offered by a DFS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the existence and properties of quantum subsystems that are robust to perturbed noise, even when initial noise symmetry is broken.
  • To develop a numerical method for identifying maximally robust subspaces against arbitrary noise processes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a numerical search algorithm to identify robust quantum subsystems.
  • Application of the method to various noise models with broken symmetries.
  • Analysis of the relationship between initial DFS and subsystems robust to perturbed noise.

Main Results:

  • A numerical method was successfully developed to search for maximally robust subspaces under arbitrary noise.
  • It was found that a subsystem that is a DFS under symmetric noise is often not the most robust when noise symmetry is broken.
  • The study identified specific classes of noise exhibiting this property.

Conclusions:

  • The concept of decoherence-free subspaces needs refinement when dealing with perturbed noise environments.
  • The developed numerical method provides a powerful tool for identifying robust quantum subsystems in realistic, noisy quantum systems.
  • Understanding noise symmetry breaking is crucial for designing fault-tolerant quantum computations.