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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
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Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.6K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

3.5K
All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
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Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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Antiferromagnetic Spin Seebeck Effect.

Stephen M Wu1, Wei Zhang1, Amit Kc2

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Physical Review Letters
|March 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers observed the spin Seebeck effect in antiferromagnetic manganese difluoride (MnF2). A spin-flop transition was detected in the spin Seebeck signal under high magnetic fields, demonstrating field-dependent spin transport.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • The spin Seebeck effect (SSE) is a thermoelectric phenomenon generating spin currents from temperature gradients.
  • Antiferromagnetic materials offer potential for spintronic devices due to their fast dynamics and robustness against magnetic fields.
  • Investigating SSE in antiferromagnets like MnF2 is crucial for understanding spin transport mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally observe and characterize the spin Seebeck effect in antiferromagnetic MnF2.
  • To investigate the influence of external magnetic fields on the SSE in MnF2.
  • To explore the spin-flop transition in MnF2 and its impact on the spin Seebeck signal.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a MnF2/Pt bilayer on a MgF2 substrate using molecular beam epitaxy.
  • Utilizing an on-chip heater for temperature gradient generation.
  • Measuring thermally generated spin currents via the inverse spin Hall effect in the Pt layer.
  • Conducting experiments at low temperatures (2-80 K) and high magnetic fields (up to 140 kOe).

Main Results:

  • Successful observation of the spin Seebeck effect in MnF2.
  • A distinct spin-flop transition was observed in the SSE signal at magnetic fields exceeding 9 T when applied parallel to the MnF2 easy axis.
  • The spin-flop transition was absent when the magnetic field was applied perpendicular to the easy axis.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms the presence of the spin Seebeck effect in antiferromagnetic MnF2.
  • The observed spin-flop transition provides direct evidence of magnetic field-induced changes in spin dynamics affecting spin transport.
  • These findings contribute to the understanding of spin-based thermoelectric phenomena in antiferromagnetic materials.