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Related Concept Videos

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Frost Action on Concrete

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Concrete structures in cold climates, such as those along roadsides, can retain moisture. This moisture makes them susceptible to frost-related damage when temperatures fall below freezing. Adding moisture worsens the damage during temperature fluctuations, leading to repeated freezing and thawing. De-icing salts, spread over these structures to melt ice, add to the freeze-thaw cycle, and draw even more moisture into the concrete.
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Concrete's susceptibility to frost damage during freeze-thaw cycles demands strategic measures to enhance its frost resistance. Employing techniques like air entrainment, adjusting the water-cement ratio, proper curing, and selecting appropriate aggregates are essential.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Metal Surfaces for Anti-Icing Applications
11:20

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Metal Surfaces for Anti-Icing Applications

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9.1K

Designing durable icephobic surfaces.

Kevin Golovin1, Sai P R Kobaku2, Duck Hyun Lee1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Science Advances
|March 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New elastomeric coatings achieve extremely low ice adhesion (τice < 0.2 kPa) by controlling cross-link density and interfacial slippage. These durable icephobic surfaces maintain performance after harsh environmental and mechanical stress.

Keywords:
Icephobicitydurabilitysurface wettability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Engineering
  • Tribology

Background:

  • Ice accretion negatively impacts critical infrastructure and commercial activities.
  • Icephobic surfaces with low ice adhesion strength (τice < 100 kPa) are desirable.
  • Passive ice removal necessitates significantly lower adhesion (τice < 20 kPa), which is rarely achieved with robust coatings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel icephobic coatings with extremely low ice adhesion strength.
  • To investigate mechanisms for achieving and maintaining low ice adhesion.
  • To demonstrate the durability of these coatings under various challenging conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Tailoring cross-link density in elastomeric coatings.
  • Engineering interfacial slippage.
  • Systematic design and fabrication of coatings with tunable ice adhesion strength.

Main Results:

  • Achieved extremely low ice adhesion strength (τice < 0.2 kPa) irrespective of material chemistry.
  • Demonstrated rational design capability for coatings with desired ice adhesion.
  • Fabricated highly durable coatings maintaining τice < 10 kPa after severe mechanical abrasion, chemical exposure, and numerous icing/deicing cycles.

Conclusions:

  • Cross-link density and interfacial slippage are key mechanisms for designing ultra-low ice adhesion coatings.
  • The developed coatings offer exceptional durability and performance retention.
  • This work enables the rational design of robust icephobic surfaces for diverse applications.