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Educational Interventions for Patients With CKD: A Systematic Review.
Pamela A Lopez-Vargas1, Allison Tong1, Martin Howell1
1Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Summary
Effective patient education for chronic kidney disease (CKD) involves interactive, frequent, and multifaceted strategies. These interventions, combining individual and group sessions, can enhance patient knowledge, self-management, and overall outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Public Health
- Health Education
Background:
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) management focuses on preventing progression to end-stage kidney disease and reducing cardiovascular risks.
- Patient engagement is crucial but often hindered by a lack of understanding regarding CKD.
- Educational interventions are key for primary and secondary CKD prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of educational interventions for the primary and secondary prevention of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
- To identify characteristics of successful educational strategies in improving patient outcomes.
- To synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized studies.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review of electronic databases was conducted, including studies published up to December 2015.
- Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk-of-bias tool.
- Included were 26 studies (12 RCTs, 14 observational) involving 5,403 participants with CKD stages 1-5, excluding those on dialysis or post-transplant.
Main Results:
- Most studies exhibited high risk of bias.
- Multifaceted interventions included face-to-face teaching, written materials, and telephone support, often with 1-on-1 or group interactions.
- Nine studies showed improvements in quality of life, knowledge, and self-management; nine improved clinical endpoints; two showed improvements in both.
Conclusions:
- A meta-analysis was not feasible due to intervention and outcome heterogeneity.
- Well-designed, interactive, frequent, and multifaceted educational interventions improve CKD patient knowledge, self-management, and outcomes.
- Integrating individual and group participation, goal setting, and multidisciplinary teams enhances effectiveness.
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