[VOLEMIC STATUS AND THE PHASIC APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF CRITICAL STATES--NEW OPPORTUNITES AND PROSPECTS]

Current guidelines suggest that an early and aggressive fluid therapy is the best rescue approach to restore and preserve cardiac index, organ function and decrease the risk of multiple organ failure in shock of various origin. However, escala- tion of fluid resuscitation is a double-edged sword often associated with reperfusion, glicocalyx injury, capillary leakage, delayed weight gain and heperhydration. The body of evidences demons trates that an excessive fluid load in ICUpatient with global increased permeability syndrome, and, particularly, in ARDS and acute kidney injury can be devastating, particularly when guided with central venous pressure. This important therapeutical conflict highlights the importance of the emerging concept of "phasic "fluid management and physiologic monitoring. The type and volume of the fluid should be thoroughly selected in accordance with the phase of shock, risk of impending organ dysfunction and individual co-morbidity. The phasic approach, along with individualized early and delayed goal-directed protocols might fasten the resolution of organ dysfunction, reduce the duration of shock and mechanical ventilation and improve the outcomes.