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Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and molds are instrumental in fermenting plant-based foods to enhance preservation and ensure year-round availability. These microbial processes convert plant carbohydrates into organic acids and other metabolites that inhibit spoilage organisms and contribute to the sensory qualities of the final product.In sauerkraut production, cabbage goes through a microbial succession that starts with cocci such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides. These microbes begin fermentation by...
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Alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer, and spirits are the products of microbial fermentation processes that transform simple sugars into ethanol and a wide array of complex flavor compounds. These transformations rely on the metabolic activities of specific yeasts and bacteria, which are selected and controlled to yield the desired beverage characteristics.Wine Fermentation and MaturationWine production begins with the crushing of grapes to release juice and pulp, forming a must that is...
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The First Space-Related Study of a Kombucha Multimicrobial Cellulose-Forming Community: Preparatory Laboratory

O Podolich1, I Zaets2, O Kukharenko2

  • 1Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of NASU, Acad. Zabolotnoho str., 150, 03680, Kyiv, Ukraine. podololga@ukr.net.

Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere : the Journal of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life
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Biofilm-forming microbial communities, like kombucha, produce cellulose biosignatures. Mineralization preserves cellulose structure, indicating its potential as a life marker in harsh environments for space exploration.

Keywords:
Bacterial celluloseBiofilmBiology and Mars Experiments (BIOMEX)BiosignatureKombucha

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Area of Science:

  • Astrobiology and Geomicrobiology
  • Microbial Ecology and Biosignatures
  • Materials Science and Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Biofilm communities are highly resilient and considered potential early life forms.
  • Microbial cellulose is a widespread polymer, and its structural integrity can serve as a biosignature.
  • The BIOlogical and Mars Experiment (BIOMEX) project investigates life markers in extraterrestrial conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate mineralized cellulose as a biosignature using a kombucha multimicrobial culture (KMC) model.
  • To assess the stability of the KMC macrocolony phenotype under simulated adverse environmental conditions.
  • To investigate the detectability of mineralized cellulose using spectroscopic methods.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a kombucha multimicroorganism culture (KMC) as an experimental model.
  • Subjected KMC macrocolonies to mineralization in a mineral-water interface.
  • Analyzed structural changes in cellulose using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.
  • Exposed KMC to stressful factors including UV radiation and excess inorganic compounds.

Main Results:

  • Mineralization of the KMC cellulose matrix by microbial activity was observed.
  • FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed structural alterations in the cellulose matrix due to bioleached ions.
  • Key cellulose structural features (β(1,4)-linkages) remained detectable despite secondary mineral formation.
  • KMC macrocolony stability depended on extracellular matrix components against stress factors.

Conclusions:

  • Mineralized cellulose in KMC retains detectable structural biosignatures, even after exposure to harsh conditions.
  • The KMC model demonstrates the potential of microbial cellulose as a robust biosignature for astrobiological studies.
  • Extracellular matrix components are crucial for maintaining biofilm integrity and resilience in extreme environments.