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Related Concept Videos

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

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Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Understanding the evolutionary relationships among microorganisms is fundamental to microbial ecology and taxonomy. Phylogenetic trees are essential tools for inferring these relationships, relying primarily on comparative analyses of molecular sequences such as DNA, RNA, or proteins. In microbial studies, these trees typically depict the evolutionary paths of diverse bacterial and archaeal species by mapping genetic differences accumulated over time.Phylogenetic trees are composed of tips,...
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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin
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DETECTING EVOLUTIONARY TRANSFER OF GENES USING PhIGs(1).

Jeffrey L Boore1

  • 1Genome Project Solutions, Hercules, California 94547, USA DOE Joint Genome Institute and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA University of California Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

Journal of Phycology
|April 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Organisms acquire genes through complex evolutionary events, often involving gene transfer from engulfed organisms like cyanobacteria. The PhIGs tool aids in tracing these gene movements using phylogenetic analysis.

Keywords:
PhIGsalgaebioinformaticscyanobacteriaendosymbiosisevolutiongene transfergenomeorthologyparalogy

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Organisms acquire organelles like plastids and mitochondria through endosymbiosis, leading to gene transfer between the host and the engulfed symbiont.
  • Tracing the evolutionary origin of genes is crucial for understanding organelle evolution and inter-organismal gene transfer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and demonstrate the utility of PhIGs (Phylogenetically Inferred Groups), a web-based tool for whole-genome evolutionary analysis.
  • To analyze gene transfer events, particularly from cyanobacteria and red algae into host genomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel graph-based approach to cluster genes from completely sequenced genomes.
  • Reconstructed evolutionary relationships among gene families.
  • Employed phylogenetic tree construction to infer gene origins.

Main Results:

  • PhIGs currently houses 652,756 genes from 45 genomes, organized into 61,059 gene families.
  • Detected hundreds of gene transfers from cyanobacteria and red algae into oömycete nuclear genomes.
  • Revealed evidence of secondary plastid acquisition in oömycete ancestors.

Conclusions:

  • PhIGs is an effective tool for analyzing gene movements and evolutionary histories across diverse genomes.
  • Understanding gene transfer is key to comprehending the evolution of complex cellular structures and symbiotic relationships.