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Related Concept Videos

Attribution Theory00:56

Attribution Theory

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Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958).
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Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory01:29

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

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Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus:...
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Theory of Attribution I: Correspondent Inference Theory01:15

Theory of Attribution I: Correspondent Inference Theory

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Correspondent inference theory, proposed by Jones and Davis in 1965, seeks to explain how individuals infer stable personality traits from observed behaviors. It suggests that people attribute actions to underlying dispositions rather than external circumstances, particularly when the behavior appears intentional and socially significant.Voluntary Behavior and Dispositional AttributionAccording to this theory, individuals are more likely to attribute behavior to personal traits when it appears...
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Correspondence Bias01:17

Correspondence Bias

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Correspondence bias, also referred to as the fundamental attribution error, describes the tendency to attribute another person’s behavior to internal characteristics rather than situational influences. This cognitive bias leads individuals to overlook external factors that may be influencing actions, thereby fostering potentially inaccurate assessments of others’ intentions and dispositions.Empirical Evidence for Correspondence BiasResearch has consistently demonstrated the...
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Causes of Similarity-Dissimilarity Effect01:26

Causes of Similarity-Dissimilarity Effect

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The similarity-dissimilarity effect, a fundamental concept in social psychology, explains how interpersonal similarities and differences influence attraction and social interactions. This effect is supported by three key psychological perspectives: balance theory, social comparison theory, and consensual validation.Balance Theory and Cognitive ConsistencyBalance theory, developed by Fritz Heider, posits that individuals seek cognitive consistency in their relationships. When two people share...
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Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
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Attention and attribute overlap in preferential choice.

Sudeep Bhatia1

  • 1a Department of Psychology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA.

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|April 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Decision-makers in preferential choice tasks often ignore non-diagnostic attributes. However, this study found that people attend to common attributes as much as unique ones, challenging existing attention theories.

Keywords:
AttentionJudgment and decision makingMulti-attribute choiceProcess tracing

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Area of Science:

  • Decision Science
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • In preferential choice tasks, common attributes across options are typically non-diagnostic.
  • Existing theories suggest decision-makers ignore these common attributes to simplify choices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate selective attention in two-alternative forced preferential choice tasks.
  • To determine if decision-makers ignore or attend to common attributes.

Main Methods:

  • Six experiments were conducted using two-alternative forced preferential choice tasks.
  • Participant attention to common and unique attributes was measured.

Main Results:

  • Decision-makers selectively direct attention, ignoring attributes not present in either alternative.
  • Contrary to predictions, participants attended to common attributes as frequently as unique attributes.

Conclusions:

  • Findings challenge existing behavioral theories of attention in preferential choice.
  • Novel theories are needed to explain the selective attention patterns observed, particularly regarding common attributes.