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Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Application of Voltage in Dynamic Light Scattering Particle Size Analysis

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Published on: January 24, 2020

Dissipation Bounds All Steady-State Current Fluctuations.

Todd R Gingrich¹, Jordan M Horowitz¹, Nikolay Perunov¹

¹Physics of Living Systems Group, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|April 9, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Dissipation significantly shapes large current fluctuations even far from equilibrium. This study proves a bound on these fluctuations, showing they are more likely than linear-response predictions suggest.

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Area of Science:

Statistical Mechanics
Non-equilibrium Physics
Stochastic Processes

Background:

Small fluctuations near equilibrium follow Gaussian distributions, with variance tied to dissipation.
Understanding large fluctuations far from equilibrium remains a key challenge in statistical physics.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of dissipation in structuring large current fluctuations.
To establish bounds on the large deviation function for currents in non-equilibrium systems.

Main Methods:

Analysis of Markov jump processes.
Derivation of a linear-response-like bound for large deviation functions.

Main Results:

Demonstration that dissipation dominates large fluctuations, even far from equilibrium.
Proof of a linear-response-like bound on the large deviation function for currents.
Finding that non-equilibrium current fluctuations are more probable than linear-response theory predicts.

Conclusions:

Dissipation's influence extends beyond near-equilibrium regimes to large fluctuations.
The derived bound provides new insights into the statistics of non-equilibrium currents.
Confirms a conjectured uncertainty bound on current fluctuation variance.