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Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

The Gateway to the Brain: Dissecting the Primate Eye

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Published on: May 27, 2009

Macular Structure and Function in Nonhuman Primate Experimental Glaucoma.

Laura J Wilsey, Juan Reynaud, Grant Cull

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

|April 16, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

In nonhuman primate experimental glaucoma, structural and functional retinal losses are linked, primarily affecting ganglion cells. Outer retinal changes appear secondary to inner retinal damage.

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Published on: March 12, 2016

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Neuroscience
Glaucoma Research

Background:

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness.
Understanding structural and functional changes in the retina is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment.
Nonhuman primate (NHP) models offer valuable insights into human glaucoma pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between structural integrity and functional performance of macular retinal layers in NHP experimental glaucoma (EG).
To identify specific retinal layers affected by EG and their correlation with functional deficits.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal structural imaging of macular layers using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SDOCT) in 21 NHPs.
Functional assessment using multifocal Electroretinography (mfERG) in 16 NHPs.
Analysis of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (ppRNFLT) and macular retinal layer thicknesses, along with mfERG low- and high-frequency components (LFC, HFC).

Main Results:

Significant structural loss in EG eyes was observed in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (ppRNFLT), macular nerve fiber layer (m-NFL), retinal ganglion cell layer (RGCL), and inner plexiform layer (IPL).
Functional deficits were primarily noted in the high-frequency components (HFC) and N2 wave of the mfERG in EG eyes.
Strong correlations were found between structural damage in the NFL, RGCL, and IPL, and functional impairments (HFC and N2), indicating a direct link between inner retinal integrity and visual function.

Conclusions:

Macular structural and functional losses in experimental glaucoma are interconnected and predominantly impact ganglion cells across varying disease severity.
The observed outer retinal changes are likely a consequence of the primary damage to the inner retinal layers, particularly the retinal ganglion cell layer.