Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 22, 2026
04:22
Disposable Dosators for Pulmonary Insufflation of Therapeutic Agents to Small Animals
Published on: March 30, 2017
8.1K
Phospholipid-based pyrazinamide spray-dried inhalable powders for treating tuberculosis
Basanth Babu Eedara1, Ian G Tucker1, Shyamal C Das1
1New Zealand's National School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Adams Building, 18 Frederick Street, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|April 20, 2016
Summary
Developing spray-dried powders with pyrazinamide and DPPC improves pulmonary drug delivery for tuberculosis treatment. High DPPC content enhanced aerosolization, showing potential for improved lung sterilization.
Area of Science:
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Drug Delivery
- Pulmonary Medicine
Background:
- Sterilizing necrotic granulomas in tuberculosis (TB) is challenging with conventional oral or parenteral drug administration.
- Pulmonary drug delivery offers a promising strategy to increase antitubercular drug concentrations directly within lung granulomas.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop spray-dried (SD) powders of pyrazinamide, an essential anti-TB drug, using specific excipients for enhanced pulmonary delivery.
- To optimize the formulation of SD powders containing pyrazinamide, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), and other components for improved aerosolization.
Main Methods:
- Spray-drying of pyrazinamide powders with varying concentrations of DPPC (5%, 15%, 25% w/w) and L-leucine using a BUCHI B-290 Mini Spray-Dryer.
- Physicochemical characterization of the SD powders, including particle size distribution and residual moisture.
- Evaluation of aerosol dispersion performance using a Next Generation Impactor (NGI) to determine the fine particle fraction (FPF).
Main Results:
- All developed SD powders exhibited a narrow particle size distribution (1.29-4.26μm) and low residual moisture (<2%).
- Solid-state analysis revealed a polymorphic transformation of pyrazinamide from the α to the γ form during spray-drying.
- SD pyrazinamide without excipients (PDDL0) showed poor aerosolization (FPF 8.5±1.0%), while the formulation with 25% DPPC (PDDL3) demonstrated significantly improved aerosolization (FPF 73.2±4.0%).
Conclusions:
- Incorporation of DPPC, particularly at higher concentrations, substantially enhances the aerosolization properties of spray-dried pyrazinamide powders.
- The developed inhalation powders show potential for improving drug delivery to the deeper lung for tuberculosis treatment.
- Further investigation is required to fully assess the therapeutic efficacy of these optimized inhalation powders for pulmonary tuberculosis.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
750
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
750
01:26Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV
626
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
626
01:29Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
1.2K
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
1.2K
01:28Pulmonary Tuberculosis II
1.9K
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
1.9K
01:23Inhaled Medications
975
Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
975
01:25Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment
2.2K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
2.2K