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Updated: Mar 22, 2026
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Measuring the Densities of Aqueous Glasses at Cryogenic Temperatures
Published on: June 28, 2017
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A Liquid Density Standard Over Wide Ranges of Temperature and Pressure Based on Toluene
Mark O McLinden1, Jolene D Splett2
1Physical and Chemical Properties Division National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305-3328.
Summary
This study precisely measured liquid toluene density across wide temperature and pressure ranges. The findings establish NIST Standard Reference Material® 211d, crucial for calibrating industrial densimeters.
Area of Science:
- Physical Chemistry
- Metrology
Background:
- Accurate density measurements are vital for industrial applications and material characterization.
- Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) ensure measurement traceability and comparability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish a reliable liquid density standard for toluene.
- To provide high-accuracy density data for calibrating industrial densimeters.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a two-sinker hydrostatic-balance densimeter with magnetic suspension coupling for absolute density determination.
- Conducted measurements over a temperature range of -60 °C to 200 °C and pressures up to 35 MPa.
Main Results:
- Generated precise density data for liquid toluene, forming the basis for NIST SRM® 211d.
- Quantified uncertainties stemming from experimental factors, sample degradation, and measurement parameters.
Conclusions:
- NIST SRM® 211d provides a reliable standard for liquid density measurements within specified temperature and pressure ranges.
- The comprehensive uncertainty analysis ensures the SRM's suitability for calibrating industrial densimeters.
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