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Macroindentation hardness measurement-Modernization and applications.

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  • 1Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

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A new tablet hardness testing method uses digital imaging and microscopy. A 3-minute hold at peak load is recommended for accurate tablet hardness and powder plasticity measurements.

Keywords:
IndentationPlasticityPowder technologyTableting

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Tablet hardness is a critical quality attribute in pharmaceutical manufacturing.
  • Existing methods for measuring tablet hardness may lack precision or efficiency.
  • Understanding the relationship between tablet properties and mechanical behavior is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a modernized indentation technique for tablet hardness measurement.
  • To investigate the influence of key experimental parameters on hardness measurements.
  • To establish a quantitative relationship between tablet hardness, porosity, and material properties.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel indentation technique incorporating rapid digital image capture and microscopy.
  • Systematically evaluated the effects of indentation force, speed, and holding time on tablet hardness.
  • Tested materials with a wide range of properties, from soft hydroxypropyl cellulose to hard dibasic calcium phosphate.
  • Analyzed the relationship between tablet hardness and porosity using an exponential decay model.

Main Results:

  • A holding period of 3 minutes at peak indentation load was found to minimize the effect of testing speed.
  • An exponential decay function accurately describes the relationship between tablet hardness and porosity for seven pharmaceutical powders.
  • The developed method provides precise and reproducible tablet hardness measurements across different material types.

Conclusions:

  • The modernized indentation technique offers a reliable method for assessing tablet hardness.
  • Recommended holding time of 3 minutes at peak load for accurate hardness testing.
  • Proposed tablet hardness (H) and hardness at zero porosity (H0) as metrics for quantifying tablet deformability and powder plasticity, respectively.