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Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Non-Invasive Electrical Brain Stimulation Montages for Modulation of Human Motor Function

Non-Invasive Electrical Brain Stimulation Montages for Modulation of Human Motor Function

Published on: February 4, 2016

Brain Neuromodulation Techniques: A Review.

Philip M Lewis¹, Richard H Thomson², Jeffrey V Rosenfeld³

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia philip.lewis@monash.edu.

The Neuroscientist : a Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology and Psychiatry

|May 1, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Neuromodulation, the manipulation of brain activity, has evolved significantly since the 19th century. Current advanced techniques offer new therapeutic avenues for neurological and psychiatric conditions.

Keywords:

bionics brain cognitive implant neuromodulation neuropsychiatry

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

The historical roots of neuromodulation trace back to the early 19th century with the observation of weak direct current effects on brain function.
Recent decades have seen the clinical translation of transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation, providing non-pharmacological treatment options.

Observation:

Advancements in understanding brain activity stimulation and depression are driving the development of novel neuromodulation techniques.
Emerging technologies include ultrasound, micro-scale magnetic fields, and optogenetics.

Findings:

The field of neuromodulation is experiencing rapid growth in both technologies and clinical applications.
A comprehensive review of the field's origins and current advancements is timely.

Implications:

Novel neuromodulation techniques hold significant promise for treating neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Continued research and development in artificial brain stimulation are crucial for future therapeutic breakthroughs.