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Related Concept Videos

Distance Corrections01:15

Distance Corrections

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To achieve precise distance measurements, especially in surveying and construction, certain corrections must be applied to account for potential sources of error like the standardization errors, temperature variations, and slope adjustments.Standardization error emerges when measurement equipment undergoes changes, such as wear, repairs, or weather impacts. To address this, surveyors compare the equipment’s readings to a standard. This process identifies any deviation that might lead to...
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Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors01:17

Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors

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A survey team is tasked with determining the elevation difference between points Point A and Point B, separated by uneven terrain. They use a leveling instrument and a leveling rod.Common MistakesMisreading the Rod: During a backsight reading at Point A, the instrumentman observes the rod partially obscured by tall grass. Instead of reading 1.135 m, they mistakenly record 1.735 m due to the misalignment of the crosshair with the wrong graduation. This error adds 0.600 m to all subsequent...
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Errors in Taping01:18

Errors in Taping

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Errors in taping arise from multiple factors that can significantly impact measurement accuracy in surveying. Misalignment of the tape, often due to human error, is one primary source. A skilled rear tapeman, using a telescope, can help correct alignment by guiding the head tapeman; however, human limitations still lead to small inaccuracies. These errors may include misplacement of pins or inaccurate tape readings due to common visual confusions, such as mistaking a six for a nine. Such...
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Adjusting a Traverse01:12

Adjusting a Traverse

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In the site survey of a four-sided traverse, internal angles are essential to ensure geometric accuracy. The survey revealed that the sum of the measured internal angles was 359 degrees and 48 minutes, which is 12 minutes less than the expected 360 degrees. This discrepancy signals an error likely arising from measurement inaccuracies during the fieldwork.To rectify this error, the adjustment process involved distributing the 12-minute shortfall equally across the four internal angles. By...
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Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions01:10

Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions

494
When measuring distances in areas with physical obstructions, such as a lake in a field, surveyors must employ techniques to calculate accurate lengths without direct line measurements. One effective method is the offset technique, which allows for precise distance estimation over inaccessible stretches.In this scenario, a surveyor must measure a side of an area that crosses a lake. Since the measuring tape cannot span the lake, the surveyor begins by establishing a baseline that aligns with...
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Leveling Equipment01:18

Leveling Equipment

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As leveling involves measuring vertical distances relative to a horizontal line of sight, it requires a graduated rod, called a level rod, for vertical measurements and an instrument called a level for a horizontal sight line. A level includes a high-powered telescope with a mechanism for leveling to ensure the line of sight is horizontal when the bubble in the spirit level is centered. Leveling rods, made of wood, metal, or fiberglass, are graduated in feet or meters and commonly used in two-...
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Measuring Scale Errors in a Laser Tracker's Horizontal Angle Encoder Through Simple Length Measurement and Two-Face

B Muralikrishnan1, C Blackburn1, D Sawyer1

  • 1Precision Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
|May 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a cost-effective method to detect and correct horizontal angle encoder scale errors in laser trackers. By measuring distances between targets at various angles, accuracy improves significantly, especially for older models.

Keywords:
ASME B89.4.19encoder scale errorgeometric misalignmentlaser trackersecond order harmonic

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Area of Science:

  • Metrology
  • Optical Engineering
  • Instrumentation Science

Background:

  • Laser trackers are crucial for high-precision measurements.
  • Horizontal angle encoders are susceptible to scale errors.
  • Existing error correction methods often require expensive equipment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a practical method for estimating horizontal angle encoder scale errors in laser trackers.
  • To improve the angular measurement accuracy of laser trackers without specialized instrumentation.
  • To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method for second-order harmonic errors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing an uncalibrated stable length between two targets at tracker height.
  • Measuring distances between targets from multiple azimuthal positions (20° intervals).
  • Employing front face and back face measurements for each target.

Main Results:

  • Successfully estimated and corrected second-order harmonic scale errors.
  • Reduced length errors from ±65 μm to < ±25 μm in older laser trackers.
  • Observed that newer models from some manufacturers did not exhibit these errors.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method effectively identifies and compensates for scale errors in laser tracker horizontal angle encoders.
  • This approach offers a cost-efficient alternative to traditional calibration techniques.
  • The findings highlight the importance of addressing even-order harmonic errors for improved angular accuracy.