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Hollow core anti-resonant fiber with split cladding.

Xiaosheng Huang, Wenliang Qi, Daryl Ho

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    Summary

    A new split cladding structure for hollow core anti-resonant fibers (HAFs) improves fiber shape and reduces confinement loss (CL). This design offers comparable performance to nested antiresonant nodeless fibers (NANFs).

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Fiber Technology
    • Photonics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Hollow core anti-resonant fibers (HAFs) are crucial for advanced optical applications.
    • Fabrication distortions in HAFs can negatively impact performance, particularly confinement loss (CL).
    • Existing designs like Kagome fibers (KFs) face challenges in maintaining structural integrity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and evaluate an improved design for HAFs using a split cladding structure.
    • To numerically compare the performance of split cladding fibers (SCFs) against Kagome fibers (KFs).
    • To investigate the impact of cladding structure modifications on confinement loss (CL).

    Main Methods:

    • Numerical simulations were employed to analyze two normalized transmission bands.
    • Comparison of split cladding fibers (SCFs) and Kagome fibers (KFs) based on confinement loss (CL).
    • Fabrication of a three-ring cladding SCF using the stack-and-draw technique.

    Main Results:

    • SCFs maintain a rounder silica cladding wall shape compared to KFs, reducing confinement loss (CL).
    • The confinement loss (CL) of SCFs is comparable to nested antiresonant nodeless fibers (NANFs) of similar core size.
    • The number of cladding layers and cladding gap width were found to influence CL in SCFs.
    • Fabricated SCFs demonstrated an attenuation spectrum matching simulation predictions.
    • Measured near-field mode patterns validated the proposed fiber design's feasibility.

    Conclusions:

    • The split cladding structure offers a viable improvement for HAFs, enhancing structural stability and optical performance.
    • SCFs provide a promising alternative for applications requiring low confinement loss.
    • The stack-and-draw technique is suitable for fabricating these advanced HAFs.