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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

Other Disorders of Digestive System

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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport
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Bowel Disorders.

Fermín Mearin1, Brian E Lacy2, Lin Chang3

  • 1Institute of Functional and Motor Digestive Disorders, Centro Médico Teknon, Barcelona, Spain.

Gastroenterology
|May 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study revises criteria for functional bowel disorders (FBDs), including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional constipation (FC), and functional diarrhea (FDr). It introduces updated classifications and a new category for opioid-induced constipation (OIC) to improve diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:
abdominal painbloatingconstipationdiarrheadistensionfunctional bowel disordersirritable bowel syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Digestive Health
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Functional bowel disorders (FBDs) are globally prevalent, impacting quality of life and healthcare economics.
  • Previous Rome III criteria for FBDs were last updated in 2006.
  • Recent research necessitates revisions to FBD classification and understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present updated criteria for the classification of functional bowel disorders.
  • To incorporate new scientific findings into diagnostic and treatment guidelines.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of FBDs, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of recent basic and clinical science research on FBDs.
  • Revision of existing Rome criteria based on new evidence.
  • Classification of FBDs into distinct categories with detailed descriptions.

Main Results:

  • The revised criteria categorize FBDs into five groups: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional constipation (FC), functional diarrhea (FDr), functional abdominal bloating/distention (FAB/D), and unspecified FBD (U-FBD).
  • A new, distinct category for opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is introduced.
  • Each category includes updated information on epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, and treatment.

Conclusions:

  • The updated FBD classification provides a framework for improved clinical practice and research.
  • The revised criteria aim to enhance the diagnosis and management of functional bowel disorders.
  • The inclusion of opioid-induced constipation addresses a significant clinical challenge.