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Developing Science: Scientific Performance and Brain Drains in the Developing World.

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Developing nations produce many scientists but face significant brain drain. Higher education, population, and GDP correlate with retaining scientists, while democracy spurs production but also out-migration.

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Area of Science:

  • Scientific Community Development
  • Global Science Migration Patterns

Background:

  • Establishing a robust scientific community is crucial for national development.
  • Developing countries produce a notable number of scientists but suffer from substantial brain drain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze factors influencing the production and retention of scientists in developing countries.
  • To investigate the relationship between national development indicators and scientific talent migration.

Main Methods:

  • Statistical analysis of factors including education levels, population, GDP, democracy, and urbanization.
  • Examination of scientist production and in-country retention rates.

Main Results:

  • Education, population, and per capita GDP are positively associated with the number of scientists born in and remaining in a country.
  • Democracy and urbanization correlate with increased scientist production.
  • Democracy is also linked to higher rates of scientist out-migration.

Conclusions:

  • Developing countries face challenges in retaining scientific talent despite their production capacity.
  • National development factors significantly impact the scientific workforce, with complex effects of governance and urbanization.