Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults: An update

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Allergology
• Pediatrics

Background:

• Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic allergic esophageal disease with a rising prevalence worldwide, particularly in Western countries.
• This condition predominantly affects children and young adults, often presenting with significant symptoms like dysphagia and food impaction.
• The increasing incidence suggests an ongoing epidemic, necessitating a better understanding of its causes and management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the current understanding of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE).
• To outline diagnostic criteria and established treatment strategies for EoE.
• To highlight areas of ongoing research for improved patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Review of characteristic endoscopic findings.
• Assessment of esophageal eosinophilia via biopsy.
• Evaluation of patient response to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

Main Results:

• EoE diagnosis is supported by specific endoscopic features and confirmed by esophageal eosinophilia.
• Many patients do not respond to standard proton pump inhibitor therapy.
• Key treatments include dietary allergen avoidance, corticosteroid anti-inflammatory medications, and esophageal dilation.

Conclusions:

• Eosinophilic esophagitis is a significant and growing health concern requiring prompt diagnosis and management.
• Current treatment mainstays focus on symptom control and disease modification.
• Further research is crucial for achieving mucosal healing and optimizing long-term maintenance therapies for EoE.