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Acute Mastoiditis Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae

Emily Obringer, Judy L Chen

    Pediatric Annals
    |May 13, 2016
    PubMed

    Insights

    Acute mastoiditis (AM), a complication of acute otitis media (AOM), is increasingly treated with antibiotics and myringotomy rather than surgery. This shift reflects evolving data on managing this rare but serious ear infection.

    Area of Science:

    • Otolaryngology
    • Pediatric Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Acute mastoiditis (AM) is a rare complication of acute otitis media (AOM).
    • Common pathogens include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus.
    • Pneumococcal vaccination and antibiotic prescribing changes may impact AM incidence.

    Observation:

    • Clinical presentation aids AM diagnosis.
    • Computed tomography (CT) of the temporal bone with contrast is recommended for suspected complicated AM.
    • AM can lead to extracranial and intracranial complications.

    Findings:

    • Historically, cortical mastoidectomy was standard AM treatment.
    • Current data support conservative approaches like intravenous (IV) antibiotics alone or with myringotomy.
    • These findings suggest a shift in AM management strategies.

    Implications:

    • Conservative AM treatment may reduce surgical interventions.
    • Further research is needed to confirm the long-term efficacy of less invasive AM treatments.
    • Understanding evolving treatment paradigms is crucial for pediatric otolaryngology.

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